Kaolin Clay Reinforced with a Granular Column Containing Crushed Waste Glass or Traditional Construction Sands

Installation of granular columns is a cost-effective and versatile in situ technique to improve the shear strength, settlement, drainage behavior weak soils. It involves backfilling vertical boreholes ground with materials stiffer than native soil, such as stone or compacted sand. However, massive use overexploitation sand natural aggregates have depleted their reserves recent decades, causing damage environment, creating shortages, skyrocketing price. Hence, it essential develop sustainable alternative construct columns. The ever-increasing stockpiles waste glass could be potential replacement for several geotechnical construction applications, noting that both similar chemical composition. Using crushed (CWG) an traditional manufactured (quarried) sands offer multipronged benefit by recycling nonbiodegradable (glass) conserving depleting resource (sand). large direct (LDS) machine, this study investigated strength kaolin (to represent typical soil) reinforced central column. Three different were separately used backfill column, including (NS), (MS), CWG. results revealed geocomposites containing CWG column highest peak friction angle relatively greater under high normal stresses, favoring green columns, ultimately supporting conservation, recycling, paradigm shift toward circular economy.